Issues related to the influence of the work environment on workers’ health are increasingly deserving the attention of researchers worldwide. Among the various work activities performed by individuals in different environments, data processing work deserves special attention, especially typing, which is carried out by individuals directly involved in entering data or information into computer equipment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
O trabalho de digita\u00e7\u00e3o pode ser considerado simples do ponto de vista intelectual, repetitivo ap\u00f3s a aprendizagem, passando a ser automatizado, muitas vezes levando o indiv\u00edduo que o desenvolve, ao desinteresse e falta de est\u00edmulos para sua realiza\u00e7\u00e3o. \u00c9 preciso ressaltar que, por menor que seja, h\u00e1 sempre utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de carga mental para que o trabalho seja executado com qualidade. Qualidade esta, que pode ser comprometida se o ambiente n\u00e3o for adequado podendo causar problemas visuais, posturais e musculares (MACIEL, 1985; PARAGUAY, 1987).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Focusing on postural problems, these can be caused by the adoption of inadequate posture during task execution or due to the use of inappropriate furniture. According to KNOPLICH (1989), every position the body assumes in space corresponds to a harmonic balance axis, through the constant action of the spine, which performs functions such as supporting the body’s weight through bones (vertebrae and discs), moving the body through joints and muscles, and protecting the nervous cord. Specific muscle groups play a fundamental role in maintaining, supporting posture, and moving the spine; they act as points of support and reference for most of the forces coming to or from the body, in the relationship between man and the external world. The spine presents, in its anterior part, the vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs, which function as “mechanical shock absorbers” and weight support (BARREIRA, 1989).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Posture is defined by the American Academy of Orthopedics (apud BARREIRA, 1989) as the relative arrangement of body parts. Good posture is defined as the balance between the body’s support structures, muscles, and bones. Poor posture occurs when there is a lack of relationship between various body parts, leading to body imbalance in its support bases. Poor posture leads to diseases and is associated with muscular and emotional problems. Posture is divided into dynamic and static. Dynamic posture is the appropriate balance in performing body movements without pain. When this occurs, vertebrae, discs, joints, and muscles perform this function without wear or damage. Static posture is defined as the organic balance of man in a stationary position (standing, sitting, or lying down), in a situation that does not cause damage to the mentioned structures or produce pain when this position is maintained for a long period of time. (KNOPLICH,1989). When developing work activities, individuals assume various postures. Specifically for typing activity, the seated position is adopted, which we will now discuss.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In the seated position, 50% of the individual’s body weight falls on the ischial tuberosities, which are suitable for supporting high pressures when the body is in contact with the chair seat; 34% of the body weight falls on the posterior thigh region and 1% on the soles of the feet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Baseado neste princ\u00edpio considera-se como posi\u00e7\u00e3o correta para o trabalho sentado aquela conseguida com a cadeira e postura adequadas, ou seja, aquelas que mantenham as curvaturas fisiol\u00f3gicas da coluna vertebral com pouca sobrecarga dos discosScreen Shot 2016-07-02 at 14.30.36 intervertebrais evitando reten\u00e7\u00e3o venosa de membros inferiores (KNOPLICH, 1989; COUTO, 1978). KNOPLICH (1989) recomenda que na posi\u00e7\u00e3o sentada os dois p\u00e9s fiquem apoiados no ch\u00e3o, o tronco reto, a cabe\u00e7a erguida olhando para a frente e as costas apoiadas no espaldar da cadeira. O autor reconhece que a perman\u00eancia nessa posi\u00e7\u00e3o por per\u00edodos de tempo prolongados \u00e9 quase imposs\u00edvel, portanto, algumas medidas devem ser tomadas a fim de proporcionar conforto ao trabalhador. As condi\u00e7\u00f5es ergon\u00f4micas consideradas ideais para o trabalho sentado de acordo com COUTO (1978) s\u00e3o as seguintes: a cadeira deve permitir que o peso do corpo incida mais sobre a tuberosidade isqui\u00e1tica, sem grande sobrecarga. da parte posterior da coxa; permitir o retorno venoso da fossa popl\u00edtea; n\u00e3o empurrar o sacro para frente; n\u00e3o propulsionar o indiv\u00edduo para frente nem para tr\u00e1s; deve permitir o apoio adequado do dorso; juntamente com os bra\u00e7os da cadeira, permitir movimentos laterais; os cotovelos devem estar na altura da bancada; a cadeira em conjunto com a bancada n\u00e3o deve limitar movimentos dos membros superiores.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Whenever a task can be performed in a seated position, the workstation can be planned or adapted for this position to provide the worker with conditions of good posture, adequate visualization, and operation for their best performance and productivity. The chair and desk should be compatible with the type of work to be performed; they should have a work area easily visible to the operator and dimensional characteristics that allow correct positioning and necessary movements for the operator’s legs and feet. Regarding the chair, the mentioned standard establishes that the seats and backrests should not cause fatigue conditions for the individual and should have minimum comfort requirements, namely: adjustable height according to the worker’s stature and nature of the function performed; foot support to keep them supported and legs at a right angle to the feet and thighs; little or no shaping at the base of the seat; backrest shape slightly adapted to the body to support the lumbar region; rounded front edge of the seat.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Questions related to the influence of the work environment on workers’ health…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":99,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-98","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/timsteel.pt\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/timsteel.pt\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/timsteel.pt\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/timsteel.pt\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/timsteel.pt\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=98"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/timsteel.pt\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/timsteel.pt\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/99"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/timsteel.pt\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=98"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/timsteel.pt\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=98"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/timsteel.pt\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=98"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}